Everything about Hugo Haase totally explained
Hugo Haase (
September 29,
1863 –
November 7,
1919) was a
German politician,
jurist and
pacifist.
Biography
Haase was born in
Allenstein (
Olsztyn),
Province of Prussia, the son of Jewish shoemaker and small businessman,
Nathan Haase, and Pauline Anker. He studied law in
Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) and established himself as a lawyer. He was the first
Social Democrat in the
Stadtrat in Königsberg and became a deputy in the
Reichstag in
1897. In multiple legal cases, he defended the Social Democrats against various political attacks.
Haase belonged to the so-called revisionist wing of the party, which in contrast to the Marxists, supported gradual reforms and no longer saw the best path to social and political change in revolution. In
1911 he became along with
August Bebel an SPD chairman, in
1912 next to
Philipp Scheidemann an SPD chairman in the Reichstag. After Bebel's death, Haase and
Friedrich Ebert were chosen as the party chairmen.
In July
1914, he organized the anti-war rally of the SPD and on
July 31 and
August 1 fought against a decision for an increase in the war credit in the SPD faction. However, he failed to accomplish this because the opposition of Friedrich Ebert and the faction majority. Due to party discipline, Haase had to defend the SPD action in the Reichstag session. In response to his comment "We won't abandon the Fatherland in the hour of danger", the imperial government created its so-called
Burgfrieden policy.
After the collapse of German war plans at the end of
1914, Haase became more and more vocal against the policies of the SPD faction. He was forced to resign as faction leader in
1915 and as a party chairman in
1916. In March
1916, he took over the leadership of the
Sozialdemokratische Arbeitsgemeinschaft, which the war critics in the SPD had founded together. In
1917 he became chairman of the newly founded
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, which split the so-called "Majority Social Democrats" group and advocated immediate peace negotiations.
In the course of the
German Revolution (November), he created along with the majority Social Democrats' leader
Friedrich Ebert the provisional government, the
Rat der Volksbeauftragten, of whose acting chairman he took over. After the violent response to the revolutionary
Volksmarinedivision during Christmas
1918, Haase and the two other USPD representatives
Wilheim Dittman and
Emil Barth abandoned the government on
December 29.
The Haase-led USPD only achieved 7% of the vote for the
Weimar Nationalversammlung on
January 19,
1919.
On
October 8,
1919, Haase was shot by Johann Voss, an apparently mentally ill leather worker. He was severely injured and died on
November 7.
He was married to Thea Lichtenstein and had three children: one son
Ernst Haase, a psychiatrist, who immigrated to Chicago via England--and two daughters: Hilde Meisels (Jerusalem) and Gertrud Dressel (Tel Aviv).
Further Information
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